Trainingurile de tipul acesta nu s-au mai tinut in RO.
O sa alternam explicatiile legate de tehnica trasarii cu cele din anatomie.
Fara notiuni de anatomie nu prea avem ce invata aici.
Definesc notiunile de anatomie pe sistem scoala: toate informatiile legate de imaginile care ne-au fost explicate in scoala, majoritatea cu plansele d-lui Gray (1918), pentru ca nu mai au nevoie de copyright.
Imaginile acelea ar trebui sa le revedem in radiografiile 2D sau in sectiunile prezente in imaginile radiologice din imaginile 3D.
Daca imaginile nu sunt la fel, cum sa recunosti zona?
Este intr-adevar greu dar softurile de la Computer tomograf iti dau voie sa vezi in cele trei planuri carteziene imaginile deodata, realizind avind la baza informatiile de anatomie din scoala unde te gasesti in sectiunea respectiva.
| Landmark | Definition | |
| 1 | Porion | Most superior point of left external acoustic meatus (2D) Most superior point of outer rim of left external acoustic meatus (3D) |
| 2 | Sella | Geometric centre of the pituitary fossa located by visual inspection |
| 3 | Orbitale | Most inferior point of left infraorbital rim |
| 4 | Nasion | Most anterior point on frontonasal suture in the midsagittal plane (2D) Midpoint of frontonasal suture (3D) |
| 5 | Basion | Lowest point on anterior rim of foramen magnum (2D) Most anterior point of foramen magnum (3D) |
| 6 | Supramentale | Most posterior midline point in the concavity of the mandible between the most superior point on the alveolar bone overlying the lower incisors and pogonion |
| 7 | Pogonion | Most anterior midpoint of the chin on the outline |
| 8 | Gnathion | Point located by taking the midpoint between the anterior (pogonion) and inferior (menton) points of the bony chin (2D) Most anterior and inferior point on contour of symphysis (3D) |
| 9 | Menton | Lowest point on the symphyseal shadow of the mandible seen on a lateral cephalogram (2D) Most inferior midpoint of chin (3D) |
| 10 | Gonion | Point on curvature of the left angle of the mandible located by bisecting the angle formed by lines tangent to the posterior ramus and the inferior border of the mandible |
| 11 | Ramus point | Most posterior point up the border of the left ramus |
| 12 | Midramus | Most concave point on the anterior of the left ramus. |
| 13 | Sigmoid notch | Most inferior border along the top of the left ramus |
| 14 | Condylion | Most posterosuperior point of left mandibular condyle in the sagittal plane. |
| 15 | Subspinale | Most posterior midline point in the concavity between anterior nasal spine and prosthion (most inferior point on alveolar bone overlying maxillary incisors) |
| 16 | Anterior nasal spine | Anterior tip of the nasal spine (2D) Most anterior midpoint of the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla (3D) |
| 17 | Posterior nasal spine | Posterior spine of palatine bone constituting the hard palate (2D) Most posterior midpoint of posterior nasal spine of the palatine bone (3D) |
| 18 | Upper 6 occlusal | Most inferior point of mesial buccal cusp of upper left first molar |
| 19 | Lower 6 occlusal | Most superior point of mesial buccal cusp of lower left first molar |
| 20 | L1 labial gingival border | Most anterosuperior point on the mandibular alveolar process, usually found near the cementoenamel junction of the mandibular central incisors (2D) Most anterior superior point on the mandible at its labial contact, in the median plane, between the mandibular central incisors (3D) |
| 21 | L1 tip | Midpoint of incisal edge of the most prominent lower central incisor |
| 22 | L1 root | Root apex of the most prominent lower central incisor |
| 23 | L1 lingual gingival border | Most posterosuperior point on the mandibular alveolar process, usually found near the cementoenamel junction of the mandibular central incisors (2D) Most posterior superior point on the mandible at its lingual contact, in the median plane, between the mandibular central incisors (3D) |
| 24 | U1 labial gingival border | Point of the maxillary alveolar process in the midline that projects most anteriorly (2D) Most inferior anterior point on the alveolar portion of the premaxilla, in the median plane, between the upper central incisors (3D) |
| 25 | U1 tip | Midpoint of incisal edge of the most prominent upper central incisor |
| 26 | U1 root | Root apex of the most prominent upper central incisor |
| 27 | U1 lingual gingival border | Point of the maxillary alveolar process in the midline that projects most posteriorly (2D) Most inferior posterior point on the alveolar portion of the premaxilla, in the median plane, between the upper central incisors (3D) |
Chien P, Parks E, Eraso F, Hartsfield J, Roberts W, Ofner S. Comparison of reliability in anatomical landmark identification using two-dimensional digital cephalometrics and three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography in vivo. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2009;38(5):262-73.